Immediacy: has it happened recently?
Familiarity: is it culturally close to us in Britain?
Amplitude: is it a big event or one which involves large numbers of people?
Frequency: does the event happen fairly regularly?
Ambiguity: is it clear and definite?
Predictability: did we expect it to happen?
Surprise: is it a rare or unexpected event?
Continuity: has this story already been defined as news?
Elite nations and people: which country has the event happened in? Does the story concern well-known people?
Negativity: is it bad news?
Balance: the story may be selected to balance other news, such as a human survival story to balance a number of stories concerning death.
How has new and digital media technology changed each of Galtung and Ruge’s news values and how would you update them for 2015's NDM?
Immediacy: With the prevalence of smart devices becoming increasingly integral in the lifestyles of first-world masses, news is instantly accessible to audiences in many multimedia formats. This leads to traditional newspapers needing to adopt a different angle (content is predominantly based on views and opinions rather than information as this is already available by the time newspapers are distributed)
Familiarity: Audiences are now able to familiarise themselves with foreign cultures which may not necessarily be relevant to them, because of the worldwide web and social media networks. This is demonstrated by the influence of Southern American urban culture which is imitated by the urban London scene (music, clothing and dialect). The way news is reported now is in an abundance of ways which leads to the selection of no single stream of content which is necessarily already familiar to the audience.
Amplitude: Among the millions of stories shared by the hour, the amplitude of events being reported is always a factor for selectivity and ranking by all news agents, regardless of the platform. Such is demonstrated even on Snapchat as large events will receive exclusive coverage from official 'stories', supported by UGC.
Frequency: Local news providers tend to report frequent events more than wider-regional news services, this is usually due to the concern of residents who require information on the regular events. This includes traffic updates provided by apps and other digital news servers.
Ambiguity: The fact that digital content is amendable and less costly allows news providers to speculate on uncertain stories before they are confirmed. This is used to generate debate within the news (opinion leaders, voice figures, journalists), as well as among news recipients via online forums and social media.
Predictability/Surprise: Shocking news stories, by default, always make for more intriguing headlines and cause more of a buzz across new and digital media alongside the critical support (views and opinions) by newspapers. Without a doubt however, new and digital media proves to be more dominant in providing unpredictable news stories due to the audience's engagement and involvement.
Continuity: 'Debuting' news stories which have not been previously reported will gain more momentum through traditional platforms but decrease to less predominance in the papers as it is continuously updated. This seems to differ for new and digital media platforms however which (on platforms inc. Twitter) use trending tactics to continuously discuss stories and provide in-depth analysis.
Elite nations and people: Celebrities now receive higher attention than ever as the people choose to consciously stay tuned to their favoured public figures. National socio-political stories of elite nations receive the most coverage (adhering to Perkin's law: power to the producer) as they are prioritised above third-world national stories.
Negativity: As ever, audiences would rather hear a story about "teens going wild" rather than "teens sitting down and studying". This reflects the nature of thrill and shock value that actually increases with the role of new and digital media due to the reactions from digital masses (parodies, memes etc)
Balance: It seems that there is no particular agenda to the balance of stories, however it is noteworthy that positive news is reported to higher extents on social media platforms as studies have proven that exposure to positivity results to correspondent feedback from audiences.
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